In Silico Approach : Beta Glucan and AdhO36 Combinations enhance the Th1 immune response against Salmonella Typhi infection
Abstract
Background: Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella Typhi remains as an infectious disease that still becomes a health problem, especially in developing countries due to its fairly high morbidity. Vaccine development efforts, particularly about proteins that play a role in enhancing immunity, are adhesin protein (Protein AdhO36) and the addition of immunoadjuvant Beta Glucan that can improve the cellular immune system.
Objective: This study was aimed to predict the ligand-receptor bonds (Dectin1-Beta Glucan; TLR2-Beta Glucan, TLR4-Beta Glucan) and the ligand-receptor bonds (Dectin1-AdhO36; TLR2-AdhO36, TLR4-AdhO36).
Method: To determine the binding affinity of the bond between Beta-Glucan and Dectin1, TLR2, and TLR4, a molecular approach was specifically used using PyRx 0.8. Whereas to find out the interaction between Adh036 and target proteins Dectin1, TLR2, and TLR4, Patchdock software was used. The results of the interaction would be visualized using PyMol software. Amino acids involved in docking interactions were identified using KFC protein hotspots.
Results and Conclusion: The result indicated the binding affinity between receptor Dectin1-ligand Beta Glucan and Beta Glucan TLR2 was (-6.5 kcal/mol), and TLR4-Adh036 shown the highest interaction strength with global energy -1462.6. This results shown the potential effect of AdhO36 and Beta Glucan combinations enhanced cellular immunity against Salmonella Typhi infection.
Keywords: AdhO36, Beta Glucan, TLR2, TLR 4, Dectin-1. In Silico
Full Text:
PDFReferences
WHO World Health Organization, (2018). Typhoid.
Ministry of Health. (2006). Decree of the Ministry of Health Republic Indonesia Number 364/ Menkes/SK/V/2006 on the Guidlines for the Typhoid Fever.
Rasul F, Sughra K, Mushtaq A, Zeeshan N, Mehmood S, Rashid U. (2017). Surveillance report on typhoid fever epidemiology and risk factor assessment.;28(16):6921–6.
Ugboko H, De N. (2017). Mechanisms of Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella typhi Review Article Mechanisms of Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella typhi Introduction Salmonella typhi is is a particular Salmonella.;(December).
Slayton RB, Date KA, Mintz ED. (2013). Vaccination for typhoid fever in Sub-Saharan Africa.;(April):903–6.
Winarsih S. (2005).Cellular Immunity and In vivo Protection of AdhO36 Protein Salmonella Typhi. Dissertation, Postgraduate Program in Brawijaya University Malang.
Patel K.( 2012)A review on herbal immunoadjuvant. Int J Pharm LifeSciences.;3(3):1568–76.
Vetvicka V. (2011) Glucan-immunostimulant, adjuvant, potential drug.;2(2):115–9.
Vetvicka V, Vetvickova J. (2015). Glucan supplementation enhances the immune response against an influenza challenge in mice.;3(13):1–7.
Engen PA, Green SJ, Voigt RM, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A. (2012 ). The Gastrointestinal Microbiome.;(Cdc).
Leentjens J, Quintin J, Gerretsen J, Kox M, Pickkers P, Netea MG. (2014). The effects of orally administered Beta-glucan on innate immune responses in humans, a randomized open-label intervention pilot-study. PLoS One.;9(9):e108794.
Neville BA, Enfert C, Bougnoux M. (2015). Candida albicans commensalism in the gastrointestinal tract.;(August):1–13.
Giannini MJSM. (2019). Candida species : current epidemiology , pathogenicity , biofilm formation , natural antifungal products and new therapeutic options.;(2013):10–24.
Winarsih S, Kosasih T, Putera MA, Rahmadhian N, Poernomo Lindawati E, Runtuk KS, et al. (2019). β-Glucan of Candida albicans Cell Wall Extract Inhibits salmonella typhimurium Colonization by Potentiating Cellular Immunity (CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells). Rev da Soc Bras Med Trop J Brazilian Soc Trop Med.;52:e201802.
Ekins S, Mestres J, Testa B. (2007). In silico pharmacology for drug discovery : methods for virtual ligand screening and profiling.;(June):9–20.
Rahar S, Swami G. (2011).Preparation , characterization , and biological properties of b -glucans.;2(2).
Dallakyan S.(2016)Small-Molecule Library Screening by Docking with PyRx.
Trott O, Olson AJ. (2010). AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization and multithreading. J Comput Chem ; 31(2) 455–461 doi101002/jcc21334. 2010;31(2):455–61.
Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R. (2015). Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses.:987–95.
Raffatellu M, Wilson RP, Winter SE, Bäumler AJ. (2008). Clinical pathogenesis of typhoid fever Clinical pathogenesis of typhoid fever.
Cervantes-Barragán L, Gil-Cruz C, Pastelin-Palacios R, Lang KS, Isibasi A, Ludewig B, et al. (2009). TLR2 and TLR4 signaling shapes specific antibody responses to Salmonella typhi antigens. Eur J Immunol.;39(1):126–35.
Mukhopadhyay S, Herre J, Brown GD, Gordon S, William S. (2004). The potential for Toll-like receptors to collaborate with other innate immune receptors.
Vazquez-Torres A, Vallance BA, Bergman MA, Finlay BB, Cookson BT, Jones-Carson J, et al. (2004). Toll-Like Receptor 4 Dependence of Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Salmonella: Importance of the Kupffer Cell Network. J Immunol [Internet].;172(10):6202–8. Available from: http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/doi/10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6202
Reid DM, Gow NA, Brown GD. (2009). Pattern recognition: recent insights from Dectin-1. Curr Opin Immunol [Internet].;21(1):30–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2009.01.003
Ghosh S, Howe N, Volk K, Tati S, Nickerson KW, Petro TM. (2010). Candida albicans cell wall components and farnesol stimulate the expression of both inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in the murine RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2010;60(1):63–73.
Batbayar S, Lee DH, Kim HW. (2012). Immunomodulation of Fungal b -Glucan in Host Defense Signal- ing by Dectin-1.;20(5):433–45.
Broz P, Ohlson MB, Monack DM,( 2012). Immunity I. Innate immune response to Salmonella typhimurium, a model enteric pathogen. Vol. 3. Stanford, CA, USA: Landes Bioscience Innate;. p. 62–70.
Park BS, Lee J. (2013). Recognition of lipopolysaccharide pattern by TLR4 complexes. Exp & Mol Med [Internet].;45(12):e66-9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emm.2013.97
Deye N, Vincent F, Michel P, Ehrmann S, Da Silva D, Piagnerelli M, et al. (2012).Vaccines for typhoid fever and other salmonelloses. Curr Opin Infect Dis.;25(5):489–99.
Medina-Cordova N, Reyes-Becerril M, Ascencio F, Castellanos T, Campa-Cordova AI, Angulo C. (2018). Immunostimulant effects and potential application of beta-glucans derived from marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii in goat peripheral blood leucocytes. Int J Biol Macromol. Sep;116:599–606.
Abbas AK. (2015). CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY. Eighth. Canada: Elsevier Inc.;
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
