Detection of Molds Which Present in Domestic's Refrigerators in Baghdad City
Abstract
Twenty species were isolated from 50 samples of domestic's refrigerators in Baghdad city , during September 2016 which were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus. flavus, , Aspergillus. fumigatus, Aspergillus duricaulis , Aspergillus novofumigatus, Aspergillus heteromorphus Aspergillus aculeatus , Aspergillus nidulans , Curvularia lunata ,Penicillium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, , Alternaria alternate, Cladosporium sp. Trichoderma sp., Mucor, Rhizopus sp., Rhodotorula  mucilaginosa, , Stachybotrys and yeast. Among the isolated species Aspergillus niger, was the most abundant (14.92%) followed by Aspergillus flavus (10.14%), while less abundant (0.95 & 0.63 %) Cladosporium sp. &., Mucor respectively.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
- James SJ, Evans J, James C (2008) A review of the performance of domestic refrigerators. J Food Eng 87: 2-10.
- Godwin S, Chen FC, Chambers E, Coppings R (2007) A comprehensive evaluation of temperature within home refrigerators. Food Prot Trends 26: 474-480.
- Oluwafemi1 Flora ; Akpoguma ,Sarah ; Oladiran1 Taiwo and Kolapo, , Adelodun .2015.Microbiological Quality of Household Refrigerators in Three Cities South- West of Nigeria. Microbial & Biochemical Technology. Volume 7(4): 206-209 http://dx.doi.org .
- NIH.National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. 2013. Mold. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/iaq/molds/moldresources.html
- Alabama Department of Public Health http://www.adph.org/IAQ/
- Fawole, M.O. & Oso B.A. 2004. Laboratory manual in Microbiology. 1st Ed, New Spectrum Books publisher, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Srivastava RP, Kumar S (2006) Fruit and Vegetable Preservation: Principles and Practices, (3rded), Lucknow: International Book Distributing Co. India.
- Jackson V, Blair IS, McDowell DA, Kennedy J, Bolton DJ. 2007.The incidence of significant food borne pathogens in domestic refrigerators. Food Control.;18(4):346-351
- Barnett, H.L. (1962). Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. 2nd ed. Burgress publishing
Company. 203pp.
- Ulhan, S., Demurel, R., Asan, A., Baycu, C. and Kinaci, E. (2006). Colonial and Morphological Characteristics of Some Microfungal Species Isolated from Agricultural Soils in Eskißehir Province (Turkey). Turk. J. Bot. (30): 95-104.
- Ainsworth, G.C., Sparrow, F.K. and Sussman, A.S. (1973). The fungi, advanced Treatise. Ataxonomic review with key: Ascomycetes and fungi imperfecti. Volume IVA. Academic press, INC. (London) LTD. 621pp.
- Bessey, E.A. (1968). Morphology and Taxonomy of Fungi. Hafner Publishing Company, INC. 789pp.
- Chaturvedi, V. and Ren, P. (2007). Mycology Laboratory. Proficiency Testing Program Coordinator. Wadsworth Center. New York State Department of Health. 52pp.
- Frey, D., Oldfield, R.J. and Bridger, R.C. (1979). A Colour Atlas of Pathogenic Fungi. Wolfe Medical Publications Ltd.168pp.
- Bennett, J.W. (2010) An Overview of the Genus Aspergillus. In: Machida, M. and Gomi, K., Eds., Aspergillus: Molecular Biology and Genomics.
- Klich, M.A. (2002) Identification of Common Aspergillus Species. Centraal bureau voor Schim, Utrecht.
- Raper, K.B. and Fennel, D.I. (1965) The Genus Aspergillus. The Williams and Wilkins Company.
- Parry SM, Slader J, Humphrey T, Holmes B, Guildea Z, et al. (2005) A case-control study of domestic kitchen microbiology. Epidemiol Infect 133: 829-835.
- Chan Z, Jiang X (2004) Microbiological safety of chicken litter or chicken litter-based organic fertilizers: A review. Agric 4: 1-29
- Beck-Sague, C., and Jarvis, W.R. (1993). Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in the United States, 1980-1990. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 167: 1247-1251.
- Zachary ,M.; Soler, M.D., . and Rodney, J.S.( 2012). The role of fungi in diseases of the nose and sinuses. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 26(5): 351–358.
- Schubert, M.S.( 2009). Allergic fungal sinusitis: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Med Mycol 47:S324–S330.
- Guarro, J., Gene, J. and Stchigel, A.M. (1999) Development of Fungal Taxonomy. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12,
-500.
- Hope WW, Walsh TJ, Denning DW. Laboratory diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5(10):609–22.
- Morgan J, Wannemuehler KA, Marr KA, 2005. Incidence of invasive aspergillosis following hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation: interim results of a prospective multicenter surveillance program. Med Mycol;43(Suppl 1):S49–58.
- Steinbach WJ, Benjamin DK Jr, Kontoyiannis D.P.,( 2004). Infections due to Aspergillus fluvus a multicenter retrospective analysis of 83 cases. Clin Infect Dis;39(2):192–8.
- Balajee SA, Gribskov JL, Hanley E. and Nickle D. 2005. Aspergillus lentulus sp. nov., a new sibling species of A. fumigatus. Eukaryot Cell;4(3):625–32.
- Zain , Mohamed E.(2011).Impact of mycotoxins on human and animals. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 15(2) 322-332•
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.